Sanskrit Number Words Handling in Formulas Demo Calculator Example
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Introduction edit
# gold Here is an eTCL script on Sanskrit Number Words. The Indian astronomy texts of 620 CE. used multiple Sanskrit words for zero (and numbers 1-9). The Sanskrit aternate words for zero were kha,ambara,akasa,antariksa,gagana,abhra,viyat,nabhas,sunya,bindu.The Sanskirt word sunya (void) is more common in the online wordlists. In transliterated Sanskrit , the decimal number 1000 could be expressed as left to right (0001) viyad(sky or zero)/ambar(atmosphere or zero)/akasa(space or zero)/eka(1).# There were a number of poetic or mnemonic systems in India for memorizing cosmological constants, sacred formulas for altars and rites, and formulas. There is more evidence for decimal place holding systems and decimal point separators after 650 CE. The most common mnemonic systems were created using consonant-vowel-consonant (CVC) to create a pronounceable word, but not necessarily a meaning in the native tongue. Syllables of consonant-vowel (CV) and vowel (V) were possible, but most scholars of the time recognized the possibility of confusion for mnemonic vowels alone. The cosmology text Lokavibhaga. from 458 CE used mnemonic syllables for number words. The Indian astronomer Arybhata used a system of mnemonic syllables in the book Arybhatiya (b. 476 CE.) In 629 CE., Bhaskara expressed numbers including zero using Sanskrit words for gods, body parts, cosmology, and poetic allusions, eg the three eyes of Shiva for number 3. In 665, the mathematician Brahmagupta presented a sine table that used poetic words as digits, including zero words. Some mnemonic systems for making calendars, predicting horoscopes, and lunar eclipses were still in use in South India by 1825, based on accounts of John Warren, a British officer stationed in India.Number spelling in India lead to a fuller sense of the zero and more understanding on the uses of the zero, so number spelling is not as trivial as it looks.
Testcases Section
Testcase 1. # Example lays transliterated numbers right to left, but in the Sanskrit texts, the numbers are usually written left to right without any spaces or separators . In the eTCL program, there is a random routine to pick a zero word from six or more word selections meaning zero.321505340
tri dvi eka panca abhra panca tri catur abhra
Testcase 2.
| translitered Sanskrit conversion, concept for sine table of Brahmagupta, 629 CE | ||
|---|---|---|
| Arabic numerals | translitered Sanskrit, right to left | string reverse, mirror image,left to right |
| 2594 | dvi panca nava catur | rutac avan acnap ivd |
| 2719 | dvi sapta eka nava | avan ake atpas ivd |
| 2832 | dvi asta tri dvi | ivd irt atsa ivd |
| 3270 | tri dvi sapta sunya | aynus atpas ivd irt |
| Note: Brahmagupta included poetic words, not listed here in this conceptual study. |
Comments SectionPlease place any comments here, Thanks.
References:
- FromOne to Zero, the History of Numbers. George Ifrah
- The Story of Indian Zero
- Warren,John Memoirs of Time Keeping in India,1825
- Brahmagupta's Brahma-sphuta-siddhanta, English introduction, Sanskrit
- Brahma-sphuta-siddhanta [1]
- Mathematics and Mathematical Astronomy Website [2]
- Story of Indian Zero, The Story of Indian Zero
- A Brief History of Zero], Kristen McQuillin ,1997-07 (revised 2004-01), off the internet but very good.
- Postscript headlines. Indian evidence for zero placeholder in circa 224/383 AD, B. Manuscript.
- Much ado about nothing: ancient Indian text contains earliest zero,
- www.theguardian.com/science/2017/sep/14
- www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-oxfordshire-41265057
- The Bakhshali manuscript: Carbon dating the Bakhshali
- Manuscript between 224 and 383 AD.Oxford's Bodleian library
- Karen Carr ,Associate Professor Emerita, Department of History,
- Portland State University, article on zero and math history
- Numerical Tables in Sanskrit Sources, Article, · June 2014
- Agathe Keller, Koolakodlu Mahesh, Clemency Montelle
- info on zero symbols, Earliest Uses of Symbols for Constants,
- Jeff Miller, Gulf High School in New Port Richey, Florida (now retired).
Appendix Code
appendix TCL programs and scripts
Pretty Print Version
# pretty print from autoindent and ased editor
# Sanskrit transliteration of integers
# written on Windowws XP on eTCL
# working under TCL version 8.5.6 and eTCL 1.0.1
# gold on TCL WIKI , 9jul2013
package require Tk
console show
set xzeroes { kha ambara akasa antariksa gagana abhra viyat nabhas sunya bindu }
proc lpick L {lindex $L [expr int(rand()*[llength $L])] }
proc average L {expr ([join $L +])/[llength $L].}
proc plainsub {text item replacewith} {
set text [string map [list $item $replacewith] $text]
}
proc subword { sanskritword } {
set xzeroes { kha ambara akasa antariksa gagana abhra viyat nabhas sunya bindu }
set sanskritword [ plainsub $sanskritword 1 eka ]
set sanskritword [ plainsub $sanskritword 2 dvi ]
set sanskritword [ plainsub $sanskritword 3 tri ]
set sanskritword [ plainsub $sanskritword 4 catur ]
set sanskritword [ plainsub $sanskritword 5 panca ]
set sanskritword [ plainsub $sanskritword 6 sat ]
set sanskritword [ plainsub $sanskritword 7 sapta ]
set sanskritword [ plainsub $sanskritword 8 asta ]
set sanskritword [ plainsub $sanskritword 9 nava ]
set sanskritword [ plainsub $sanskritword 0 [lpick $xzeroes ]]
return $sanskritword }
foreach item { 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9} {
set sanskritword [expr {int(rand()*1000000000.)}]
puts " $sanskritword "
puts "[ subword [split $sanskritword "" ]]"
}
output:
619882413
sat eka nava asta asta dvi catur eka tri
228549526
dvi dvi asta panca catur nava panca dvi sat
316376463
tri eka sat tri sapta sat catur sat tri
349369262
tri catur nava tri sat nava dvi sat dvi
419843652
catur eka nava asta catur tri sat panca dvi
407217392
catur ambara sapta dvi eka sapta tri nava dvi
321505340
tri dvi eka panca abhra panca tri catur abhra
93242173
nava tri dvi catur dvi eka sapta tri
71222137
sapta eka dvi dvi dvi eka tri saptatcl8.5 code scraps
puts "[string reverse "[ subword [split $sanskritword "" ]]"]"
string map { 1 eka\/ 2 dvi\/ 3 tri\/ 4 catur\/ 5 panca\/ 6 sat\/ 7 sapta\/ 8 asta\/ 9 nava\/ 0 sunya\/ } 759002679gold This page is copyrighted under the TCL/TK license terms, this license.| Category Numerical Analysis | Category Toys | Category Calculator | Category Mathematics | Category Example | Toys and Games | Category Games | Category Application | Category GUI |
