programming language is designed as an evolution of C/C++.Documentation edit
Tools edit
- GDC
- an open-source D compiler for GCC
- LDC
- an open-source D compiler based on LLVM
- Tkd v1.0.0-beta, 2014-05-04
See also edit
Examples edit
Pat Thoyts' example (D1)
It is fairly simple to call Tcl from D. In fact, it looks a lot like C++ in most places. The main issue is to generate an import symbol file for the Tcl API, which can be done by using the genStubs script file.Under Microsoft Windows I had to convert the standard ActiveTcl tcl83.lib to an OMF format library. To do this we convert to COFF format using Microsoft's LINK program and then Digital Mars' COFF2OMF utilitylink /lib /convert tcl83.lib coff2omd tcl83.libTo illustrate, here is an initial stab. Build this using
dmd simple.d tcl83.lib (Using Windows)or
dmd simple.d -L-ltcl (Using UNIX)
// simple.d - Copyright (C) 2003 Pat Thoyts <patthoyts@users.sf.net>
//
// Demonstrate linking to Tcl from the D programming language.
// See http://dlang.org/ for information
// about ``D''
//
// $Id: 6261,v 1.28 2006-11-20 19:00:16 jcw Exp $
import std.stream;
import std.string;
import std.compiler;
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
// Define the bits we need for interfacing to Tcl API
//
extern (C) {
alias void* ClientData;
alias void (*Tcl_FreeProc)(char* blockPtr);
alias void (*Tcl_CmdDeleteProc)(ClientData clientData);
alias int (*Tcl_CmdProc)(ClientData clientData, Tcl_Interp* interp,
int argc, char* argv[]);
alias void* Tcl_Command;
struct Tcl_Interp {
char* result;
Tcl_FreeProc blockPtr;
int errorLine;
}
enum {
TCL_OK = 0,
TCL_ERROR = 1,
TCL_RETURN = 2,
TCL_BREAK = 3,
TCL_CONTINUE = 4,
}
const Tcl_FreeProc TCL_VOLATILE = cast(Tcl_FreeProc)1;
const Tcl_FreeProc TCL_STATIC = cast(Tcl_FreeProc)0;
const Tcl_FreeProc TCL_DYNAMIC = cast(Tcl_FreeProc)3;
Tcl_Interp* Tcl_CreateInterp();
Tcl_Command Tcl_CreateCommand(Tcl_Interp* interp, char* cmdName,
Tcl_CmdProc proc,
ClientData clientData,
Tcl_CmdDeleteProc deleteProc);
int Tcl_Eval (Tcl_Interp* interp, char* string);
int Tcl_EvalFile (Tcl_Interp* interp, char* fileName);
char* Tcl_GetStringResult(Tcl_Interp* interp);
void Tcl_SetResult (Tcl_Interp* interp, char* str,
Tcl_FreeProc freeProc);
}
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
int main(char[][] args)
{
Tcl_Interp* interp = Tcl_CreateInterp();
Tcl_CreateCommand(interp, "ddemo", &DDemoCmd,
null, null);
int r;
if( args.length < 2 )
{
r = Tcl_Eval(interp, "puts \"Tcl version: [info tcl]\"; ddemo");
}
else
{
r = Tcl_EvalFile(interp, args[1]);
}
printf(Tcl_GetStringResult(interp));
return r;
}
// Add a new command to the Tcl interpreter.
// In this case: return some information about the D compiler.
extern (C):
int
DDemoCmd(ClientData clientData, Tcl_Interp *interp, int argc, char* argv[])
{
MemoryStream stm = new MemoryStream;
stm.printf(std.compiler.name);
stm.printf(" %d.%d", std.compiler.version_major, std.compiler.version_minor);
Tcl_SetResult(interp, toStringz(stm.toString()), TCL_STATIC);
return TCL_OK;
}
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
//
// Local variables:
// mode: c
// compile-command: "dmd simple.d tcl83.lib"
// cygwin: "gdc simple.d -ltcl"
// End:nedbrek's example (D1)
nedbrek - I've updated the code for a later D compiler (cygming special, gdc 0.24, using dmd 1.020). You can then extract the Tcl declarations into a separate file (call it 'tcl.d'). To create an extension for Tcl, called 'test', put this in a file 'test.d':import std.compiler;
import std.stream;
import std.string;
import std.c.windows.windows;
import tcl;
HINSTANCE g_hInst;
extern (C)
{
void gc_init();
void gc_term();
void _moduleCtor();
}
extern (Windows)
BOOL DllMain(HINSTANCE hinst, ULONG reason, LPVOID rsvd)
{
switch( reason )
{
case DLL_PROCESS_ATTACH:
gc_init();
_moduleCtor();
break;
case DLL_PROCESS_DETACH:
gc_term();
break;
case DLL_THREAD_ATTACH:
case DLL_THREAD_DETACH:
return FALSE;
}
g_hInst = hinst;
return TRUE;
}
extern (C)
int Test_Init(Tcl_Interp* interp)
{
Tcl_CreateCommand(interp, "ddemo", &DDemoCmd, null, null);
return TCL_OK;
}
extern (C)
int DDemoCmd(ClientData clientData, Tcl_Interp *interp, int argc, char* argv[])
{
auto stm = new MemoryStream;
stm.printf(std.compiler.name);
stm.printf(" %d.%d", std.compiler.version_major,
std.compiler.version_minor);
Tcl_SetResult(interp, toStringz(stm.toString()), TCL_STATIC);
return TCL_OK;
}This can be built with:gdc -shared -otest.so test.d -ltclIt then works like a regular tcl extension:
$ tclsh % load test.so % ddemo
Discussion edit
SYStems: I would say C not used more because of competition, D is trying to compete a pretty saturated market.- For the open source croud, it will compete with C, C++, Java, possibly C# (mono and stuff)
- For the commercial croud, it's mainly Java and C# and possibly C/C++
- For somekind of croud, it's Haskell, OCaml, Scheme etc ...
- For the looking for fun new languages to learn croud it's JavaScript (because of AJAX), Ruby, Perl 6 and Tcl 8.5 OO new features ;)
As of October 2006, D is on the verge of being listed with Languages with a Tk binding[1].RLH: That isn't how I read that thread.LWV: After reading through the thread a bit, I see http://www.algonet.se/~afb/d/TK.zip
is a beginning of a binding between D and Tk. Some of the issues are people wanting a D GUI that is designed with D philosophies, and later in the thread, concern about the fact that Tk requires X11 headers in some cases. I do not get the feeling that the D community itself is embracing Tk. Instead, there appears to be a number of people thinking about the possibility, with a larger number looking at alternatives.
